pertanian skala kecil mengancam hutan hujan--E
FLONA—E-FLONA—FLORA—FAUNA—LINGKUNGAN—BERITA LINGKUNGAN FLORA FAUNA TERBARU—BERITA
LINGKUNGAN FLORA FAUNA TERKINI—BERITA LINGKUNGAN FLORA FAUNA HARI
INI—08813976034--08995557626
pertanian skala kecil mengancam hutan
hujan
Tanggal:
14 Oktober 2016
Sumber:
Lund University
Ringkasan:
Studi ekstensif telah memetakan efek
petani kecil di hutan hujan Asia Tenggara
untuk pertama kalinya. berkenaan dengan dampak lingkungan,
keanekaragaman
hayati dan ekonomi, dalam jangka panjang.
label
Small-scale agriculture,rainforest,agriculture,farmer,pertanian,petani,
Southeast Asia,environmental,biodiversity,pertanian
skala kecil mengancam
hutan hujan
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Sebuah studi ekstensif yang dipimpin
oleh seorang peneliti di Universitas Lund
di Swedia telah memetakan efek petani
kecil di hutan hujan Asia Tenggara untuk pertama kalinya. berkenaan dengan
dampak lingkungan, keanekaragaman
hayati dan ekonomi, dalam jangka panjang.
Sampai saat
ini, penelitian semacam ini selalu berfokus terutama pada skala besar produsen
minyak sawit dan bagaimana mereka memanfaatkan hutan dan tanah. Sekarang Yann
Clough, seorang peneliti di Fakultas science di Universitas Lund,
telah memetakan pilihan
pohon dan metode pertanian petani Indonesia skala kecil.
Bersama dengan lebih dari 40 peneliti
dari Jerman, Indonesia, Swiss dan Selandia Baru, ia telah menilai
keanekaragaman hayati dan ekosistem fungsi di hutan alam,
di agroforest
tradisional dan di monokultur pohon kelapa sawit dan karet; data yang diukur meliputi
antara pertumbuhan hutan lain, kesuburan tanah dan penyimpanan karbon.
Selanjutnya, tim mewawancarai 450 petani skala kecil untuk lebih
memahami
mengapa mereka memilih untuk membudidayakan hanya kelapa sawit
atau pohon karet
dan bagaimana ini mempengaruhi perekonomian mereka.
..........................
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08813976034 /
08995557626
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"Bagi
sebagian besar petani kecil, menebang beragam hutan dan investasi dalam
satu spesies pohon -
monokultur -. Adalah yang paling sederhana dan tercepat
sebagai jalan keluar dari kemiskinan Produktivitas
meningkat, risiko keuangan
turun dan pendapatan naik," kata Yann Clough.
Namun,
keuntungan finansial jangka pendek adalah satu-satunya manfaat dari monokultur,
menurut penelitian ini. Keanekaragaman hayati menurun secara
dramatis, hutan
akan kehilangan maknanya sebagai sumber karbon dan
peningkatan penggunaan pupuk
mineral mengarah ke pencucian tambahan nutrisi
seperti nitrogen. Meskipun studi
ini difokuskan pada Indonesia, ada masalah
sama di banyak bagian lain dunia.
Studi dan hasilnya bertentangan dengan pandangan tradisional bahwa pertanian
skala kecil yang ramah lingkungan. Secara
kolektif, petani kecil mengolah bagian
yang lebih besar dari hutan Indonesia yang
dari pada itu dimanfaatkan oleh pemilik
tanah besar. Ketika para petani kecil yang sebagian besar memeluk monokultur
sebagai sistem pertanian, mereka menempatkan banyak ketegangan pada lingkungan
dan keanekaragaman hayati. Mengubah metode pertanian petani kecil memerlukan
upaya dari berbagai pihak dan harus terdiri dari dukungan keuangan agar para
petani untuk mengubah cara mereka memproduksi, menurut para peneliti.
..........................
E-FLONA
more info
08813976034 /
08995557626
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"Karena petani kecil mendapatkan
lebih dengan monokultur, aspek keberlanjutan
dan dampak pada alam saat ini
hampir seluruhnya jadi diabaikan. Mengubah metode produksi petani kecil
membutuhkan insentif sejalan dengan kemauan politik;. ada
risiko bahwa tanah
pertanian yang kaya dan produktif akan telah lenyap sama sekali dalam 20 tahun,
"kata Yann Clough.
Penelitian ini disajikan dalam sebuah
artikel dijurnal ilmiah online nature
comunications.
..........................
E-FLONA
more info
08813976034 / 08995557626
...........................
Story Source:
Journal Reference:
1.
Yann
Clough, Vijesh V. Krishna, Marife D. Corre, Kevin Darras, Lisa H. Denmead, Ana
Meijide, Stefan Moser, Oliver Musshoff, Stefanie Steinebach, Edzo Veldkamp,
Kara Allen, Andrew D. Barnes, Natalie Breidenbach, Ulrich Brose, Damayanti
Buchori, Rolf Daniel, Reiner Finkeldey, Idham Harahap, Dietrich Hertel, A.
Mareike Holtkamp, Elvira Hörandl, Bambang Irawan, I. Nengah Surati Jaya, Malte
Jochum, Bernhard Klarner, Alexander Knohl, Martyna M. Kotowska, Valentyna
Krashevska, Holger Kreft, Syahrul Kurniawan, Christoph Leuschner, Mark Maraun,
Dian Nuraini Melati, Nicole Opfermann, César Pérez-Cruzado, Walesa Edho
Prabowo, Katja Rembold, Akhmad Rizali, Ratna Rubiana, Dominik Schneider, Sri
Sudarmiyati Tjitrosoedirdjo, Aiyen Tjoa, Teja Tscharntke, Stefan Scheu. Land-use
choices follow profitability at the expense of ecological functions in
Indonesian smallholder landscapes. Nature
Communications, 2016; 7: 13137 DOI:10.1038/ncomms13137
..........................
SUMBER ASLI :
Small-scale agriculture threatens the rainforest
Date:
October 14, 2016
Source:
Lund University
Summary:
An extensive study has mapped the
effects of small farmers on the rain forests of Southeast Asia for the first
time. The findings are discouraging, with regard to environmental impact,
biodiversity and the economy, over the long term.
..............................
An extensive study led by a researcher
at Lund University in Sweden has mapped the effects of small farmers on the
rain forests of Southeast Asia for the first time. The findings are
discouraging, with regard to environmental impact, biodiversity and the
economy, over the long term.
Until now, studies of this kind have
always focused largely on large-scale palm oil producers and how they exploit
the forest and soil. Now Yann Clough, a researcher at the Faculty of Science at
Lund University, has mapped the choice of trees and agricultural methods of
small-scale Indonesian farmers. Together with over 40 researchers from Germany,
Indonesia, Switzerland and New Zealand, he has assessed the biodiversity and
ecosystem functions in natural forest, in traditional agroforests and in
monocultures of palm oil and rubber trees; the data measured includes amongst
others forest growth, soil fertility and carbon storage. Furthermore, the team
interviewed 450 small scale farmers to better understand why they chose to
cultivate only oil palms or rubber trees and how this affects their economy.
"For the great majority of small
farmers, chopping down diverse forests and investing in a single species of
tree -- monoculture -- is the simplest and quickest path out of poverty.
Productivity increases, the financial risk drops and income rises," says
Yann Clough.
However, the short-term financial gain
is the only benefit of monoculture, according to the study. Biodiversity
declines dramatically, the forest loses significance as a carbon source and the
increased use of mineral fertiliser leads to additional leaching of nutrients
such as nitrogen. Even though the study focused on Indonesia, there are
equivalent problems in many other parts of the world.
The study and its results contradict
the traditional view that small scale agriculture is environmentally friendly.
Collectively, small farmers cultivate a larger part of Indonesia's forests than
that exploited by large landowners. When the small farmers largely embrace
monoculture as an agricultural system, they put a great deal of strain on the
environment and on biodiversity. Changing the agricultural methods of small farmers
requires efforts from various sides and must comprise financial support in
order for the farmers to change their way of producing, according to the
researchers.
"Since the small farmers earn more
with monoculture, sustainability aspects and the effects on nature currently
are almost entirely unheeded. Changing the production methods of small farmers
requires financial incentives along with political will; otherwise there is a
risk that rich and productive agricultural land will have disappeared altogether
in 20 years," says Yann Clough.
The study is presented in an article in
the online scientific journalNature
Communications.
Story Source:
Journal Reference:
2.
Yann Clough, Vijesh V. Krishna, Marife D. Corre, Kevin Darras,
Lisa H. Denmead, Ana Meijide, Stefan Moser, Oliver Musshoff, Stefanie
Steinebach, Edzo Veldkamp, Kara Allen, Andrew D. Barnes, Natalie Breidenbach,
Ulrich Brose, Damayanti Buchori, Rolf Daniel, Reiner Finkeldey, Idham Harahap,
Dietrich Hertel, A. Mareike Holtkamp, Elvira Hörandl, Bambang Irawan, I. Nengah
Surati Jaya, Malte Jochum, Bernhard Klarner, Alexander Knohl, Martyna M.
Kotowska, Valentyna Krashevska, Holger Kreft, Syahrul Kurniawan, Christoph
Leuschner, Mark Maraun, Dian Nuraini Melati, Nicole Opfermann, César Pérez-Cruzado,
Walesa Edho Prabowo, Katja Rembold, Akhmad Rizali, Ratna Rubiana, Dominik
Schneider, Sri Sudarmiyati Tjitrosoedirdjo, Aiyen Tjoa, Teja Tscharntke, Stefan
Scheu. Land-use choices follow profitability at the
expense of ecological functions in Indonesian smallholder landscapes. Nature
Communications, 2016; 7: 13137 DOI:10.1038/ncomms13137
